What Is Urology?

Urology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases of the urinary system in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system. This includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra, prostate, and male genital organs.

In men, urology often addresses conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction, infertility, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and kidney or bladder stones.

In women, urology focuses on issues such as recurrent UTIs, urinary incontinence, bladder or kidney stones, interstitial cystitis, and pelvic organ prolapse.

Urologists are trained to diagnose and treat these conditions using both medical and surgical approaches.

Examination and Diagnostic Process in Urology

A urology evaluation typically begins with a detailed discussion of your medical history and symptoms. This is followed by a physical examination tailored to your concerns. Depending on your condition, the urologist may recommend several diagnostic tests to better understand the issue and determine the most effective treatment.

Common diagnostic tools and procedures include:

– Urinalysis and urine cultures to check for infections or blood in the urine 
– Blood tests, such as PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) for prostate screening and kidney function tests 
– Ultrasound, CT scans or MRI imaging to visualize organs like the bladder, kidneys, or prostate  and assesss function of the urinary tract
– Cystoscopy, which allows the doctor to view the bladder and urethra directly using a thin camera 
– Urodynamic studies to evaluate how well the bladder stores and releases urine 

In men, a digital rectal exam (DRE) may be performed to check the prostate, while in women, a pelvic exam might be done to assess the bladder and pelvic organs.

What Are the Treatment Options in Urology?

Urological treatments range from lifestyle changes to advanced surgical interventions. Options include:

– Medications: For infections, BPH, erectile dysfunction, and overactive bladder 
– Minimally Invasive Surgery: Including endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures 
– Laser Treatments: Especially for enlarged prostate or kidney stones 
– Focal Therapies: Targeting only cancerous tissues, preserving healthy structures 
– Open Surgery: For complex tumors or reconstructions 

Your treatment will depend on the diagnosis, severity, and your overall health.

Diseases and Conditions Treated in Urology

Urologists manage a broad range of conditions, including:

– Prostate, kidney, bladder, and testicular cancers 
– Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 
– Kidney and bladder stones 
– Urinary incontinence 
– Urinary tract infections 
– Male infertility and erectile dysfunction 
– Pelvic organ prolapse in women 
– Neurogenic bladder and voiding dysfunction 

Whether chronic or acute, these issues often benefit from early intervention.

Urology at TOBB ETÜ Hospital

TOBB ETÜ Hospital’s Urology Department offers world-class care with a highly experienced academic staff. The team is especially recognized for excellence in prostate cancer treatment, urological cancers, and minimally invasive surgeries. The department is equipped with cutting-edge technology that allows for precise diagnostics and effective treatments with fewer side effects and faster recovery.

• NanoKnife Focal Therapy

TOBB ETÜ Hospital is the first in Turkey to implement NanoKnife focal therapy for prostate cancer. Instead of removing the entire prostate, this method targets only the cancerous area, preserving surrounding healthy tissue. Because it is non-thermal (does not use heat), it significantly reduces the risk of complications like erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. This makes it ideal for patients with localized cancer.

• MRI-Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy

This advanced technique combines MRI images with real-time ultrasound to guide a targeted prostate biopsy. Unlike traditional methods, TOBB ETÜ performs this biopsy transperineally (through the skin, not the rectum), which nearly eliminates the risk of infection and improves accuracy, especially in hard-to-reach areas.

• High-Tech Laser Systems for Prostate Enlargement

TOBB ETÜ utilizes state-of-the-art laser technologies for treating BPH:

– THULEP (Thulium Laser): This modern laser allows for the safe removal of large prostates with minimal bleeding and a short recovery period. 
– GreenLight PV: Ideal for patients on blood thinners, this laser offers precise tissue removal with very low bleeding risk. Its targeted depth also protects erectile function. 

TOBB ETÜ’s experience with these technologies is among the broadest in Turkey.

• Intrarenal Surgery for Kidney Stones

For kidney and urinary stones, TOBB ETÜ uses flexible endoscopic tools and Holmium or Thulium lasers to access and break stones in all areas of the urinary tract—without making incisions. Patients typically go home the same day or the next, and return to their normal routines quickly.

If you’re experiencing urological symptoms or would like to schedule a check-up, TOBB ETÜ Hospital’s Urology Department is here to help with advanced technology, experienced professionals, and a commitment to your well-being.

  To learn more or book an appointment, please visit our website or contact our department directly.